Belgium

Indonesia has established tax treaties with Belgium to prevent double taxation and encourage cross-border investments. See detailed information on Indonesia-Belgium tax treaties below.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM

FOR
THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE
TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME

CHAPTER I
SCOPE OF THE AGREEMENT

Article 1
PERSONAL SCOPE

This Agreement shall apply to persons
who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Article 2
TAXES COVERED

  1. This Agreement shall apply to
    taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local
    authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 

  2. There shall be regarded as taxes
    on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from
    the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid
    by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.l amounts of wages or salaries paid by
    enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

  3. The existing taxes to which the
    Agreement shall apply are in particular:

    (a) in the
    case of Indonesia:
    the income tax imposed under the “Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan 1984” (Law No. 7 of 1983 as
    amended);
    (hereinafter referred to as “Indonesian tax”)
    (b) in the
    case of Belgium:
    (i) the individual
    income tax;
    (ii) the corporate
    income tax;
    (iii) the income tax on
    legal entities;
    (iv) the income tax on
    non-residents;
    (v) the special levy
    assimilated to the individual income tax;
    (vi)

    the supplementary crisis
    tax,
    including the prepayments, the surcharges on these taxes and prepayments, and the supplements
    to the individual income tax;

    (hereinafter referred to as “Belgian tax”)
  4. The Agreement shall apply also to
    any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the
    Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall notify each other of substantial changes which have been made in their
    respective taxation laws. 

CHAPTER II
DEFINITIONS

Article 3
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

  1. For the purposes of this
    Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

    (a)

    the term “Indonesia”
    comprises the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as defined in its laws and part of the
    continental shelf and adjacent seas over which the Republic of Indonesia has sovereignty,
    sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance with international law;

    (b)

    the term “Belgium” means
    the territory of the Kingdom of Belgium, including the territorial sea and any other area in
    the sea and in the air within which the Kingdom of Belgium, in accordance with international
    law, exercises sovereign rights or its jurisdiction;

    (c)

    the terms “a Contracting
    State” and “the other Contracting State” mean Belgium or Indonesia as the context
    requires; 

    (d)

    the term “tax” means
    Belgian tax or Indonesian tax, as the context requires;

    (e)

    the term “person” includes
    an individual, a company and any other body of persons; 

    (f)

    the term “company” means
    any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes in the
    Contracting State of which it is a resident;

    (g)

    the terms “enterprise of a
    Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an
    enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a
    resident of the other Contracting State;

    (h)

    the term “international
    traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting
    State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other
    Contracting State;

    (i)

    the term “competent
    authority” means:

    (i)

    in the case of Indonesia,
    the Minister of Finance or his duly authorized representative, and

    (ii)

    in the case of Belgium,
    the Minister of Finance or his duly authorized representative;

    (j)

    the term “nationals”
    means:

    (i)

    all individuals possessing
    the nationality of a Contracting State;

    (ii)

    all legal persons,
    partnerships and associations deriving their status as such from the laws in force in a
    Contracting State.

  2. As regards the application of the
    Agreement by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise
    requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the
    Agreement applies. 

Article 4
RESIDENT

  1. For the purposes of this
    Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that
    State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other
    criterion of a similar nature. However this term does not include any person who is liable to tax in a
    Contracting State in respect only of income from sources in that State.

  2. Where by reason of the provisions
    of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be
    determined as follows: 

    (a)

    he shall be deemed to be a
    resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent
    home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with
    which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests

    (b)

    if the State in which he
    has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home
    available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he
    has an habitual abode;

    (c)

    if he has an habitual
    abode in both States or in neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting
    States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

  3. Where by reason of the provisions
    of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it
    shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.

Article 5
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

  1. For the purposes of this Agreement
    the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an
    enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

  2. The term “permanent establishment”
    includes especially:

    (a) a place of
    management;
    (b) a branch;
    (c) an office;
    (d) a factory;
    (e) a workshop;
    (f) a farm or a
    plantation;
    (g)

    a mine, an oil or gas
    well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

  3. The term “permanent establishment”
    likewise encompasses:

    (a)

    a building site, a
    construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection
    therewith, where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than six
    months;a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory
    activities in connection therewith, where such site, project or activities continue for a
    period of more than six months;

    (b)

    the furnishing of
    services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other
    personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature
    continue (for the same or a connected project) within the country for a period or periods
    aggregating more than three months within any period of twelve months.the furnishing of
    services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other
    personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature
    continue (for the same or a connected project) within the country for a period or periods
    aggregating more than three months within any period of twelve months.

  4. Notwithstanding the preceding
    provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include:

    (a)

    the use of facilities
    solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the
    enterprise;

    (b)

    the maintenance of a stock
    of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or
    display;

    (c)

    the maintenance of a stock
    of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by
    another enterprise;

    (d)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting
    information, for the enterprise;

    (e)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other
    activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;

    (f)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to
    (e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this
    combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

  5. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person — other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6
    applies — is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State,
    that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting
    State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a
    person: 

    (a)

    has and habitually
    exercises in that State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise,
    unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if
    exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a
    permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph; or

    (b)

    has no such authority, but
    habitually maintains in the first-mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise from which
    he regularly delivers goods or merchandise on behalf of the enterprise.

  6. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be
    deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on
    business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an
    independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
    However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that
    enterprise, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this
    paragraph.

  7. The fact that a company which is a
    resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the
    other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent
    establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment
    of the other.

CHAPTER III
TAXATION OF INCOME

Article 6
INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

  1. Income derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that
    other State. 

  2. The term “immovable property”
    shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in
    question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property,
    livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general
    law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed
    payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and
    other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.

  3. The provisions of paragraph 1
    shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable
    property. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or
    use in any other form of immovable property.

  4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable
    property used for the performance of independent personal services.

Article 7
BUSINESS PROFITS

  1. The profits of an enterprise of a
    Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the
    other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries
    on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State, but only so
    much of them as is attributable to:

    (a)

    that permanent
    establishment, or

    (b)

    the sale of goods or
    merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold, or to other business transactions of
    the same or similar kinds as those effected, through that permanent that permanent
    establishment.

  2. Subject to the provisions of
    paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting
    State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be
    attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a
    distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar
    conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent
    establishment. 

  3. In the determination of the
    profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred
    for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment including executive and general
    administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is
    situated or elsewhere. However, no such deduction shall be allowed in respect of amounts, if any, paid
    (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent establishment to the head
    office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar
    payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commission, for specific
    services performed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking enterprise, by way of
    interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be taken, in the
    determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, for amounts charged (otherwise than towards
    reimbursement of actual expenses), by the permanent establishment to the head office of the enterprise
    or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for the use
    of patents or other rights, or by way of commission for specific services performed or for management,
    or, except in the case of a banking enterprise, by way of interest on moneys lent to the head office
    of the enterprise or any of its other offices. 

  4. Insofar as it has been customary
    in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the
    basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in
    paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an
    apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that
    the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article. 

  5. No profits shall be attributed to
    a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or
    merchandise for the enterprise. 

  6. For the purposes of the preceding
    paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the
    same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

  7. Where profits include items of
    income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of
    those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article. 

Article 8
SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

  1. Profits of an enterprise of a
    Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic or from the use or
    rental of containers which is incidental to such operation shall be taxable only in that State.

  2. The provisions of paragraph 1
    shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international
    operating agency.

Article 9
ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

Where

(a)

an enterprise of a Contracting
State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise
of the other Contracting State, or

(b)

the same persons participate
directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting
State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

and in either case conditions are made or imposed
between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would
be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have
accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be
included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.

Article 10
DIVIDENDS

  1. Dividends paid by a company which
    is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that
    other State.

  2. However, such dividends may also
    be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and
    according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the
    other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:

    (a)

    10 per cent of the gross
    amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company which holds directly at least 25
    per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends;

    (b)

    15 per cent of the gross
    amount of the dividends in all other cases.

    This paragraph shall not
    affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are
    paid.

  3. The term “dividends” as used in
    this Article means income from shares, “jouissance” shares or “jouissance” rights, mining shares,
    founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income
    — even paid in the form of interest — which is treated as income from shares by the internal tax
    legislation of the State of which the paying company is a resident.

  4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State,
    carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a
    resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State
    independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which
    the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In
    such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply. 

  5. Where a company which is a
    resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other
    State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends
    are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends
    are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that
    other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed
    profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits
    or income arising in such other State. 

  6. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraph 5, where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting
    State a permanent establishment, that other State may subject the profits of the permanent
    establishment, after deduction of the tax which may be levied thereon in accordance with the
    provisions of Article 7, to an additional tax on deemed distribution of income according to its laws,
    but the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the profits thus reduced. 

  7. The provision of paragraph 6 shall
    not affect the provisions contained in any production sharing contracts and contracts of work (or any
    other similar contracts) relating to [the] oil and gas sector or other mining sector concluded on or
    before 31 December, 1983, by the Government of Indonesia, its instrumentality, its relevant state oil
    and gas company or any other entity thereof with a person who is a resident of Belgium. 

Article 11
INTEREST

  1. Interest arising in a Contracting
    State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

  2. However, such interest may also be
    taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the
    beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged
    shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. 

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraph 2, interest shall be exempted from tax in the Contracting State in which it arises if it is
    paid to the other Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof, or to the
    central bank of that other State. 

  4. The term “interest” as used in
    this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and
    whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from
    government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to
    such securities, bonds or debentures; however, the term “interest” shall not include for the purpose
    of this Article penalty charges for late payment nor interest regarded as dividends under paragraph 3
    of Article 10. 

  5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2
    and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting
    State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a
    permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal
    services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is
    paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the
    provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply. 

  6. Interest shall be deemed to arise
    in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority
    or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident
    of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in
    connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest
    is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in
    the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

  7. Where, by reason of a special
    relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person,
    the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount
    which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such
    relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such
    case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable in the Contracting State in which the
    interest arises according to the laws of that State. 

Article 12
ROYALTIES

  1. Royalties arising in a Contracting
    State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

  2. However, such royalties may also
    be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if
    the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged
    shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.

  3. The term “royalties” as used in
    this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to
    use, any copyrights of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, or films
    or tapes used for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan,
    secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial, or
    scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific
    experience. 

  4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State,
    carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent
    establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a
    fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is
    effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of
    Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

  5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise
    in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority
    or a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident
    of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in
    connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by
    such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State
    in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated. 

  6. Where, by reason of a special
    relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person,
    the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid,
    exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the
    absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned
    amount. In such case, the excess part of the royalties shall remain taxable in the Contracting State
    in which the royalties arise, according to the laws of that State. 

Article 13
CAPITAL GAINS

  1. Gains derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in
    the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

  2. Gains from the alienation of
    movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an
    enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining
    to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the
    purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such
    a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in
    that other State. 

  3. Gains derived by an enterprise of
    a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or
    movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that
    State.

  4. Gains from the alienation of any
    property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the
    Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident. 

Article 14
INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

  1. Income derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character
    shall be taxable only in that State except in the following circumstances, when such income may also
    be taxed in the other Contracting State: 

    (a)

    if he has a fixed base
    regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his
    activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may
    be taxed in that other Contracting State; or

    (b)

    if his stay in the other
    Contracting State is for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 91
    days within any period of twelve months; in that case, only so much of the income as is
    derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.

  2. The term “professional services”
    includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as
    well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and
    accountants. 

Article 15
DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

  1. Subject to the provisions of
    Articles 16, 18, 19 and 20, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the
    employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such
    remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State. 

  2. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment
    exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if: 

    (a)

    the recipient is present
    in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any
    period of twelve months, and

    (b)

    the remuneration is paid
    by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and

    (c)

    the remuneration is not
    borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

  3. Notwithstanding the preceding
    provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship
    or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State in international traffic, may be taxed in
    that State. 

Article 16
DIRECTORS’ FEES

  1. Directors’ fees and other similar
    payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of
    directors or a similar organ or as a partner of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting
    State may be taxed in that other State.The preceding provision shall also apply to payments derived in
    respect of the discharge of functions which, under the laws of the Contracting State of which the
    company is a resident, are regarded as functions of a similar nature as those exercised by a person
    referred to in the said provision. 

  2. Remuneration which a person to
    whom paragraph 1 applies derives from the company in respect of the discharge of day-to-day functions
    of a managerial or technical nature shall be taxable in accordance with the provisions of Article
    15. 

  3. The provision of paragraph 2 shall
    also apply to remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of his personal
    activity as a working partner of a company, other than a company with share capital, which is a
    resident of the other Contracting State. 

Article 17
ARTISTES AND ATHLETES

  1. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a
    theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his
    personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other
    State. 

  2. Where income in respect of
    personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to
    the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the
    provisions of Articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the
    entertainer or athlete are exercised. 

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraphs 1 and 2 income derived by an entertainer or athlete from his personal activities as such
    shall be exempt from tax in the Contracting State in which these activities are exercised if the
    activities are substantially supported by public funds or sponsored by the other Contracting State, or
    by a political subdivision, local authority or statutory body thereof. 

Article 18
PENSIONS

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article
19, pensions and other similar remuneration arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the
other Contracting State in consideration of past employment may be taxed in the first-mentioned State.

Article 19
GOVERNMENT SERVICE

1. (a)

Remuneration, other than a
pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an
individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be
taxable only in that State.

(b)

However, such remuneration
shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State
and the individual is a resident of that State who: 

(i)

is a national of that State;
or

(ii)

did not become a resident of
that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. (a)

Any pension paid by, or out of
funds created by, a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to
an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be
taxable only in that State.

(b)

However, such pension shall be
taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of,
that State.

3.

The provisions of Articles 15,
16 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection
with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority
thereof.

Article 20
PROFESSORS, RESEARCHERS AND STUDENTS

  1. A professor, teacher or researcher
    who makes a temporary visit to a Contracting State solely for the purpose of teaching or conducting
    research at a university, college, school or other recognised educational institution, and who is a
    resident of the other Contracting State shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State for a
    period not exceeding two years in respect of remuneration for such teaching or research.

  2. Payments which a student,
    apprentice or business trainee who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a
    resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the
    purpose of his education or training, receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or
    training shall not be taxed in that first-mentioned State, provided that such payments are made to him
    from sources outside that State.

Article 21
OTHER INCOME

  1. Items of income of a resident of a
    Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall
    be taxable only in that State.

  2. The provisions of paragraph 1
    shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of
    Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on
    business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or
    performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the
    right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent
    establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may
    be, shall apply.

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the
    foregoing Articles of the Agreement and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in
    that other State.

CHAPTER IV
METHODS OF ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

Article 22

  1. In the case of Indonesia, double
    taxation shall be avoided as follows:

    (a)

    Indonesia, when imposing
    tax on residents of Indonesia, may include in the basis upon which such tax is imposed the
    income which may be taxed in Belgium in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

    (b)

    Where a resident of
    Indonesia derives income from Belgium and such income may be taxed in Belgium in accordance
    with the provisions of the Agreement, the amount of Belgian tax payable in respect of such
    income shall be allowed as a credit against the Indonesian tax imposed on that resident. The
    amount of credit, however, shall not exceed that part of the Indonesian tax which is
    appropriate to such income.

  2. In the case of Belgium, double
    taxation shall be avoided as follows:

    (a)

    Where a resident of
    Belgium derives income which may be taxed in Indonesia in accordance with the provisions of
    this Agreement, other than those of paragraph 2 of Article 10, paragraphs 2 and 7 of Article
    11, and paragraphs 2 and 6 of Article 12, Belgium shall exempt such income from tax but may,
    in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of that resident, apply the rate of
    tax which would have been applicable if such income had not been exempted.

    (b)

    Subject to the provisions
    of Belgian law regarding the deduction from Belgian tax of taxes paid abroad, where a resident
    of Belgium derives items of his aggregate income for Belgian tax purposes which are dividends
    taxable in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 10, and not exempted from Belgian tax
    according to sub-paragraph (c) hereinafter, interest taxable in accordance with paragraph 2 or
    7 of Article 11, or royalties taxable in accordance with paragraph 2 or 6 of Article 12, the
    Indonesian tax levied on that income shall be allowed as a credit against Belgian tax relating
    to such income.

    (c)

    Dividends within the
    meaning of paragraph 3 of Article 10, derived by a company which is a resident of Belgium from
    a company which is a resident of Indonesia, shall be exempt from the corporate income tax in
    Belgium under the conditions and within the limits provided for in Belgian law.

    (d)

    Where, in accordance with
    Belgian law, losses incurred by an enterprise carried on by a resident of Belgium in a
    permanent establishment situated in Indonesia, have been effectively deducted from the profits
    of that enterprise for its taxation in Belgium, the exemption provided for in sub-paragraph
    (a) shall not apply in Belgium to the profits of other taxable periods attributable to that
    establishment to the extent that those profits have also been exempted from tax in Indonesia
    by reason of compensation for the said losses.

CHAPTER V
SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Article 23
NON – DISCRIMINATION

  1. Nationals of a Contracting State
    shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected
    therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which
    nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are
    or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to
    persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

  2. The taxation on a permanent
    establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not
    be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other
    State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting
    State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and
    reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants
    to its own residents.

  3. Except where the provisions of
    Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and
    other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other
    Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be
    deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned
    State.

  4. Enterprises of a Contracting
    State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or
    more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to
    any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the
    taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State
    are or may be subjected.

  5. Nothing contained in this Article
    shall be construed as preventing Belgium: 

    (a)

    from taxing the profits
    attributable to a permanent establishment in Belgium of a company which is a resident of
    Indonesia at the rate of tax provided by the Belgian law;

    (b)

    from imposing the movable
    property prepayment on dividends derived from a holding which is effectively connected with a
    permanent establishment maintained in Belgium by a company which is a resident of Indonesia.

  6. In this Article, the term
    “taxation” means taxes which are the subject of this Agreement.

Article 24
MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

  1. Where a person considers that the
    actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in
    accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the
    domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of
    which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 23, to that of the
    Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the
    first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the
    Agreement.

  2. The competent authority shall
    endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a
    satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the
    other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the
    Agreement.

  3. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising
    as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement.

  4. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall agree on administrative measures necessary to carry out the provisions of the
    Agreement and particularly on the proofs to be furnished by residents of either Contracting State in
    order to benefit in the other State from the exemptions or reductions in tax provided for in the
    Agreement.

  5. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall communicate directly with each other for the application of the Agreement.

Article 25
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

  1. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of
    this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the
    Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement, in particular for the
    prevention of fraud or evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article
    1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as
    information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or
    authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) involved in the assessment or collection of,
    the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the
    taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such
    purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.

  2. In no case shall the provisions of
    paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation: 

    (a)

    to carry out
    administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of
    the other Contracting State;

    (b)

    to supply information
    which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that
    or of the other Contracting State;

    (c)

    to supply information
    which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or
    trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy.

Article 26
ASSISTANCE IN COLLECTION

  1. Each Contracting State shall
    endeavour to collect on behalf of the other Contracting State such taxes imposed by that other State
    as will ensure that any exemption or reduced rate of tax granted under this Agreement by that other
    State shall not be enjoyed by persons not entitled to such benefits.

  2. In no case shall the provisions of
    this Article be construed so as to impose upon the requested State the obligation to apply any means
    of enforcement which are not authorised by the legal provisions or regulations of either Contracting
    State or to take measures which would be contrary to public policy.

Article 27
LIMITATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE AGREEMENT

  1. Nothing in this Agreement shall
    affect the fiscal privileges of members of a diplomatic mission or consular post under the general
    rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

  2. The Agreement shall not apply to
    international organisations, to organs or officials thereof and to persons who are members of a
    diplomatic mission or consular post of a third State, being present in a Contracting State and not
    treated in either Contracting State as residents in respect of taxes on income.

CHAPTER VI
FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 28
ENTRY INTO FORCE

  1. This Agreement shall be approved
    by Belgium and Indonesia in accordance with their respective legal procedures, and shall enter into
    force on the fifteenth day after the date of exchange of notes indicating such approval.

  2. The Agreement shall have effect:

    (a)

    with respect to taxes due
    at source on income credited or payable on or after January 1 in the year next following the
    year in which the Agreement enters into force;

    (b)

    with respect to other
    taxes charged on income of taxable periods ending on or after December 31 of the year in which
    the Agreement enters into force.

  3. The Agreement between the Kingdom
    of Belgium and the Republic of Indonesia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of
    fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital and the Protocol signed at Brussels on
    November 13th, 1973, shall terminate and cease to be effective in relation to any tax for any period
    for which this Agreement has effect in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article as respects that
    tax.

Article 29
TERMINATION

This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated
by a Contracting State; but either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic
channels, by giving to the other Contracting State written notice of termination not later than the 30th
June of any calendar year from the fifth year following that in which the Agreement entered into force. In
the event of termination before July 1 of such year, the Agreement shall cease to have effect:

(a)

with respect to taxes due at
source on income credited or payable at latest on December 31 in the year in which the notice of
termination is given;

(b)

with respect to other taxes
charged on income of taxable periods ending before December 31 of the same year.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly
authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement and have affixed thereto
their seals.

 

Done in duplicate at Jakarta, this September 16, 1997,
in the English language.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT
OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
FOR THE GOVERNMENT
OF
THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM

PROTOCOL

At the moment of signing the Agreement between the
Kingdom of Belgium and the Republic of Indonesia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention
of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, the undersigned have agreed that the following
provisions shall form an integral part of the said agreement:

  

Ad Article 7, paragraph 1

 

 It is understood that profits derived by an
enterprise of a Contracting State within the other Contracting State from [the] sale of goods or
merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold, or from other business transactions of the same or
similar kind as those effected, through the permanent establishment situated therein, may be taxed in such
other Contracting State, if the permanent establishment had contributed in any manner in the making of
such sales or transactions.

 

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly
authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Protocol and have affixed thereto
their seals.

 

Done in duplicate at Jakarta, this September 16, 1997,
in the English language.

 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT
OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
FOR THE GOVERNMENT
OF
THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM