Finland

Indonesia has established tax treaties with Finland to prevent double taxation and encourage cross-border investments. See detailed information on Indonesia-Finland tax treaties below.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND
THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND

FOR
THE
AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAKES ON INCOME

Article 1
PERSONAL SCOPE

This Agreement shall apply to persons
who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Article 2
TAXES COVERED

  1. This Agreement shall apply to
    taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its local authorities, irrespective of
    the manner in which they are levied.

  2. There shall be regarded as taxes
    on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from
    the alienation of movable or immovable property.

  3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall
    apply are :

    (a)

    in Indonesia:
    the income tax imposed under the Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan 1984 (Law No. 7 of 1983 ) and
    to the extent provided in such income tax law, the company tax imposed under the Ordonansi
    Pajak Perseroan (State Gazette No. 319 of 1925 as lastly amended by Law No. 8 of 1970) and the
    tax imposed under the Undang-undang Pajak atas Bunga, Dividen dan Royalti 1970 (Law No.10 of
    1970);
    (hereinafter referred to as “Indonesian tax”);

    (b) in Finland :
    (i) the state income tax;
    (ii) the communal tax;
    (iii) the church tax; and
    (iv) the tax withheld at source from
    non-residents income;
    (hereinaafter referred to as
    “Finnish tax”);
  4. The Agreement shall apply also to
    any identical or substantially similar taxes on income which are imposed after the date of signature
    of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, those referred to in paragraph 3. The competent
    authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have
    been made in their respective taxation laws. 

Article 3
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

  1. For the purposes of this
    Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires :

    (a)

    the term “Indonesia”
    comprises the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as defined in its laws and the adjacent
    areas over which the Republic of Indonesia has sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance
    with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982;

    (b)

    the term “Finland” means
    the Republic of Finland and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the
    Republic of Finland, and any area adjacent to the territorial sea of the Republic of Finland
    within which, under the laws of Finland and in accordance with international law, the rights
    of Finland with respect to the exploration for and exploitation of the natural resources of
    the sea bed and its sub-soil may be exercised;

    (c)

    the term “person” includes
    an individual, a company and any other body of persons;

    (d)

    the term “company” means
    any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;

    (e)

    the terms “enterprise of a
    Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an
    enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a
    resident of the other Contracting State;

    (f)

    The term “nationals”
    means:

    (i)

    any individuals possessing
    the nationality of a Contracting State;

    (ii)

    any legal person,
    partnership and association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a
    Contracting State;

    (g)

    the term “international
    traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting
    State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other
    Contracting State;

    (h)

    The term “competent
    authority” means:

    (i)

    in Indonesia, the Minister
    of Finance or his authorised representative;

    (ii)

    in Finland, the Ministry
    of Finance or his authorised representative.

  2. As regards the application of the
    Agreement by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise
    requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the
    Agreement applies. 

Article 4
RESIDENCE

  1. For the purposes of this
    Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that
    State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other
    criterion of a similar nature. However, the term does not include any person who is liable to tax in
    that State in respect only of income from sources in that State. 

  2. Where by reason of the provisions
    of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be
    determined as follows: 

    (a)

    he shall be deemed to be a
    resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent
    home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with
    which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests); 

    (b)

    if the State in which he
    has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home
    available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he
    has an habitual abode; 

    (c)

    if he has an habitual
    abode in both States or in neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting
    States shall settle the question by mutual agreement. 

  3. Where by reason of the provisions
    of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the
    competent authorities of the States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

Article 5
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

  1. For the purposes of this
    Agreement, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the
    business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on. 

  2. The term “permanent establishment”
    includes especially:

    (a) a place of management;
    (b) a branch;
    (c) an office;
    (d) a factory;
    (e) a workshop;and
    (f)

    a mine, an oil or gas
    well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

  3. The term “permanent establisment”
    likewise encompasses:

    (a)

    a building site, a
    construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection
    therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than
    six months;

    (b)

    the furnishing of
    services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other
    personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature
    continue (for the same or a connected project) within the country for a period or periods
    aggregating more than three months within any twelve-month period. 

  4. Notwithstanding the preceding
    provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include: 

    (a)

    the use of facilities
    solely for the purpose of storage or display of goods or merchandise belonging to the
    enterprise;

    (b)

    the maintenance of a stock
    of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage or
    display;

    (c)

    the maintenance of a stock
    of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by
    another enterprise; 

    (d)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting
    information, for the enterprise;

    (e)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, for the supply of information, for
    scientific research or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary
    character; 

    (f)

    the maintenance of a fixed
    place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to
    (e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this
    combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character. 

  5. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person — other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7
    applies — is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State,
    that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned State in
    respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person: 

    (a)

    has and habitually
    exercises in the first-mentioned State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the
    enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4
    which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of
    business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph; or

    (b)

    has no such authority, but
    habitually maintains in the first-mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise from which
    he regularly delivers goods or merchandise on behalf of the enterprise. 

  6. An insurance enterprise of a
    Contracting State shall, except with regard to reinsurance, be deemed to have a permanent
    establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in that other State or insures
    risks situated therein through an employee or through a representative who is not an agent of an
    independent status within the meaning of paragraph 7. 

  7. An enterprise of a Contracting
    State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely
    because it carries on business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any
    other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of
    their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on
    behalf of that enterprise, he shall not be considered an agent of an independent status within the
    meaning of this paragraph. 

  8. The fact that a company which is a
    resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the
    other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent
    establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment
    of the other. 

Article 6
INCOME FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY

1.

Income derived by a resident
of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry)
situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. (a)

The term “immovable property”
shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraphs (b) and (c), have the meaning which it has
under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated.

(b)

The term “immovable property”
shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used
in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed
property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as
consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other
natural resources.

(c)

Ships and aircraft shall not
be regarded as immovable property.

3.

The provisions of paragraph 1
shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable
property.

4.

Where the ownership of shares
or other corporate rights in a company entitles the owner of such shares or corporate rights to
the enjoyment of immovable property held by the company, the income from the direct use, letting
or use in any other form of such right to enjoyment may be taxed in the Contracting State in which
the immovable property is situated. 

5.

The provisions of paragraphs 1
and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from
immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services. 

Article 7
BUSINESS PROFITS

  1. The profits of an enterprise of a
    Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the
    other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries
    on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so
    much of them as is attributable to (a) that permanent establishment; (b) sales in that other State of
    goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold through that permanent establishment;
    or (c) other business activities carried on in that other State of the same or similar kind as those
    effected through that permanent establishment. 

  2. Subject to the provisions of
    paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting
    State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be
    attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a
    distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar
    conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent
    establishment. 

  3. In determining the profits of a
    permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the
    purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so
    incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere. 

  4. In the absence of appropriate
    accounting or other data permitting the determination of the profits to be attributed to a permanent
    establishment, the tax may be assessed in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment
    is situated in accordance with the income tax laws of that state, in particular regard being had to
    the normal profits of enterprises engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar
    conditions, provided that, on the basis of the available information, the determination of the profits
    of the permanent establishment is consistent with the principles contained in this Article. 

  5. No profits shall be attributed to
    a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or
    merchandise for the enterprise. 

  6. Where profits include items of
    income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of
    those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article. 

Article 8
SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

  1. Profits derived by an enterprise
    of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be
    taxable only in that State.

  2. The provisions of paragraph 1
    shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international
    operating agency.

Article 9
ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

  1. Where:

    (a)

    an enterprise of a
    Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of
    an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or

    (b)

    the same persons
    participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a
    Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,

    and in either case conditions are made or
    imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ
    from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would,
    but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those
    conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed
    accordingly.

  2. Where a Contracting State includes
    in the profits of an enterprise of that State — and taxes accordingly — profits on which an
    enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits
    so included are by the first-mentioned State claimed to be profits which would have accrued to the
    enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been
    those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an
    appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged therein on those profits, where that other State
    considers the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the
    other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if
    necessary consult each other. 

Article 10
DIVIDENDS

  1. Dividends paid by a company which
    is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that
    other State.

  2. However, such dividends may also
    be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and
    according to the laws of that State, but the tax so charged shall not exceed: 

    (a)

    10 percent of the gross
    amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which
    holds directly at least 25 percent of the capital of the company paying the dividends;

    (b)

    15 per cent of the gross
    amount of the dividends in all other cases.

    This paragraph shall not
    affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are
    paid.

  3. The term “dividends” as used in
    this Article means income from shares, or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in
    profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation
    treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution
    is a resident.

  4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State,
    carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a
    resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State
    independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein and the holding in respect of which
    the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In
    such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply. 

  5. Where a company which is a
    resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other
    State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends
    are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends
    are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that
    other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed
    profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits
    or income arising in such other State. 

  6. Notwithstanding any other
    provisions of this Agreement, where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State has a
    permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits of the permanent establishment may
    be subjected to an additional tax in that other State in accordance with its law, but the additional
    tax so charged shall not exceed 15% of the amount of such profits after deducting therefrom income tax
    and other taxes on income imposed thereon in such other State. 

  7. The provisions of paragraph 6
    shall not affect the provisions contained in any production sharing contract or contract of work (or
    any other similar contract) relating to the oil and gas sector or any other mining sector concluded on
    or before 31 December 1983 by the Government of Indonesia, an instrumentality, the relevant state oil
    and gas company or any other entity thereof with a resident of Finland. 

Article 11
INTEREST

  1. Interest arising in a Contracting
    State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

  2. However, such interest may also be
    taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the
    recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the
    gross amount of the interest. 

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State and derived by:

    (a) in the case of Indonesia :
    (i) the “Bank Indonesia” (the Central Bank of
    Indonesia);
    (ii) such other financial institution, the
    capital of which is wholly owned by the Government of Indonesia, as may be agreed upon from time
    to time within the Government of the Contracting States;
    (b) in the case of Finland :
    (i) the “Suomen Pankki” (the Centrat Bank of
    Finland);
    (ii) the Finnish Fund for Industrial Development
    Co-operation Ltd. (FINNFUND); and
    (iii) the Finnish Export Credit Ltd.
    shall be exernpt from tax in
    that State.
  4. The term “interest” as used in
    this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage, and
    whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from
    government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to
    such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as penalty charges for late payment, and income
    assimilated to income from money lent by the taxation laws of the State in which the income arises,
    including interest on deferred payment sales. 

  5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State,
    carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent
    establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a
    fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is
    effectively connected with (a) such permanent establishment or fixed base, or with (b) business
    activities referred to in sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 7. In such case the provisions
    of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply. 

  6. Interest shall be deemed to arise
    in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a local authority or a resident of that
    State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State
    or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which
    the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such
    permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in
    which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated. 

  7. Where, by reason of a special
    relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person,
    the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount
    which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such
    relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such
    case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting
    State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement. 

Article12
ROYALTIES

  1. Royalties arising in a Contracting
    State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

  2. However, such royalties may also
    be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise, and according to the laws of that State, but if
    the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties, the tax so charged shall not exceed 10% of the
    gross amount of the royalties, in the case of royalties of the kind referred to in sub-paragraph (a)
    of paragraph 3, and 15% of the gross amount of the royalties, in the case of royalties of the kind
    referred to in sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) of paragraph 3. 

  3. The term “royalties” as used in
    this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration: 

    (a)

    for the use of, or the
    right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph
    films, and films or tapes for television or radio broadcasting;

    (b)

    for the use of, or the
    right to use, any patent, trade mark design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or any
    industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment;

    (c)

    for information concerning
    industrial, coff tmercial or scientrfic experience;

  4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and
    2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State,
    carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent
    establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a
    fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is
    effectively connected with (a) such permanent establishment or fixed base, or with (b) business
    activities referred to in sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph 1 of Article 7. In such case the provisions
    of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

  5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise
    in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, a local authority or a resident of that
    State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting
    State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with
    which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent
    establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the
    permanent establishment or fixed base is situated. 

  6. Where, by reason of a special
    relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person,
    the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid,
    exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the
    absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned
    amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of
    each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement. 

Article 13
CAPITAL GAINS

  1. Gains derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 6
    and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

  2. Gains derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State from the alienation of shares or other corporate rights referred to in paragraph 4
    of Article 6 may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the immovable property held by the company
    is situated.

  3. Gains from the alienation of
    movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an
    enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining
    to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the
    purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such
    a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in
    that other State. 

  4. Gains from the alienation of ships
    or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State or movable
    property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that
    State. 

  5. Gains from the alienation of any
    property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this Article shall be taxable only
    in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident. 

Article 14
INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

  1. Income derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character
    shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other
    Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities or he is present in that other State
    for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 90 days in any twelve-month period. If he has such
    a fixed base or remains in that other State for the aforesaid period or periods, the income may be
    taxed in that other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base or is derived
    from his activities performed in that other State during the aforesaid period or periods.

  2. The term “professional services”
    includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational, or teaching activities as
    well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and
    accountants.

Article 15
DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

  1. Subject to the provisions of
    Articles 16, 18, 19 and 20, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a
    Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the
    employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such
    remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State. 

  2. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment
    exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

    (a)

    the recipient is present
    in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any
    twelve-month period, and

    (b)

    the remuneration is paid
    by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and

    (c)

    the remuneration is not
    borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the ernployer has in the other State.

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft
    operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in
    that State.

Article 16
DIRECTORS FEES

Directors’ fees and other similar payments derived by
a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or any similar
organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

Article 17
ARTISTES AND SPORTSMEN

  1. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a
    theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his
    personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other
    State. 

  2. Where income derived directly or
    indirectly by reason of entertainment or a sport contest accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman
    himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 14 and
    15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are
    exercised. 

  3. Notwithstanding the provisions of
    paragraphs 1 and 2, income derived in respect of activities referred to in paragraph 1 and exercised
    within the framework of a cultural or sports exchange programme approved by both Contracting States
    shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the entertainer or sportsman is a
    resident. 

Article 18
PENSIONS

Subject to the provisions of Article 19, pensions and
other similar remuneration arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting
State in consideration of past employment may be taxed in the first-mentioned State.

Article 19
GOVERNMENT SERVICE

1. (a)

Remuneration, other than a
pension, paid by a Contracting State or a statutory body or a local authority thereof to an
individual in respect of services rendered to that State or body or authority shall be taxable
only in that State.

(b)

However, such remuneration
shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that other
State and the individual is a resident of that State who: 

(i)

is a national of that State;
or

(ii)

did not become a resident of
that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. (a)

Any pension paid by, or out of
funds created by, a Contracting State or a statutory body or a local authority thereof to an
individual in respect of services rendered to that State or body or authority shall be taxable
only in that State.

(b)

However, such pension shall be
taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of,
that other State.

3.

The provisions of Articles 15,
16 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection
with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a statutory body or a local authority
thereof.

Article 20
STUDENTS

  1. Payments which a student or
    business, technical, agricultural or forestry apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a
    Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned
    State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance,
    education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources
    outside that State. 

  2. A student at a university or other
    institution for higher education in a Contracting State, or a business, technical, agricultural or
    forestry apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting the other Contracting State a resident
    of the first-mentioned State and who is present in the other Contracting State for a period or periods
    not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the calendar year concerned, shall not be taxed in that
    other State in respect of remuneration for services rendered in that State, provided that the services
    are in connection with his studies or training and the remuneration constitutes earnings necessary for
    his maintenance. 

Article 21
OTHER INCOME

  1. Items of income of a resident of a
    Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in
    that State. However, any items of income of a resident of a Contracting State arising in the other
    Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State. 

  2. The provisions of paragraph 1
    shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of
    Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on
    business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or
    performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the
    right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent
    establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may
    be, shall apply. 

Article 22
ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

  1. The laws of each of the
    Contracting States shall continue to govern in that State the taxation of income, wherever arising,
    except where express provision to the contrary is made in this Agreement. Where income derived from a
    Contracting State is subject to tax in both Contracting States, relief from double taxation on such
    income shall be given in accordance with the following provisions of this Article. 

  2. In Finland double taxation shall
    be eliminated as follows;

    (a)

    Where a resident of Finland derives income
    which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Indonesia, Finland
    shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (b), allow as a deduction from the tax on
    income of that person an amount equal to the tax on income paid in Indonesia. 
    Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the tax on income, as computed before
    the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Indonesia.

    (b)

    Dividends paid by a company which is a
    resident of Indonesia to a company which is a resident of Finland shall be exempt from Finnish
    tax to the extent that the dividends would have been exempt from tax under Finnish taxation
    law if both companies had been residents of Finland. 

    (c)

    Where in accordance with any provision of
    the Agreement income derived by a resident of Finland is exempt from tax in Finland, Finland
    may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident,
    take into account the exempted income. 

  3. In Indonesia, double taxation
    shall be eliminated as follows;

    (a)

    Indonesia, when imposing tax on residents
    of Indonesia, may include in the basis upon which such tax is imposed the items of income
    which may be taxed in Finland in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. 

    (b)

    Where a resident of Indonesia derives
    income from Finland and that income may be taxed in Finland in accordance with the provisions
    of the Agreement, the amount of Finnish tax payable in respect of the income shall be allowed
    as a credit against the Indonesian tax imposed on that resident. The amount of credit,
    however, shall not exceed that part of the Indonesian tax which is appropriate to the income.

Article 23
NON-DISCRIMIMATION

  1. Nationals of a Contracting State
    shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected
    therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which
    nationals of that other State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.

  2. The taxation on a permanent
    establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not
    be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other
    State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting
    State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and
    reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants
    to its own residents. 

  3. Except where the provisions of
    paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11 or paragraph 6 of Article 12 apply, interest,
    royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the
    other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise,
    be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned
    State. 

  4. Enterprises of a Contracting
    State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or
    more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to
    any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the
    taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State
    are or may be subjected. 

  5. Nothing contained in this Article
    shall be construed as to prevent either Contracting State from limiting in special sectors of economy
    to its nationals the enjoyment of tax incentives and any tax of a preferential nature designed in
    pursuance of its programme of economic development. 

  6. In this Article the term
    “taxation” means the taxes Which are the subted of this Agreement.

Article 24
MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

  1. Where a person considers that the
    actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in
    accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the
    domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of
    which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 23, to that of the
    Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the
    first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the
    Agreement. 

  2. The competent authority shall
    endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a
    satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the
    other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation not in accordance with the
    Agreement. In the event the competent authorities reach an agreement, taxes shall be imposed, and
    refund or credit of taxes shall be allowed by the Contracting States in accordance with such
    agreement. It shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the
    Contracting States. 

  3. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising
    as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the
    elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement. 

  4. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of the Agreement and,
    especially, the requirements to which residents of a Contracting State shall be subjected in order to
    obtain, in the other Contracting State, tax reliefs or exemptions in respect of income referred to in
    Articles 10, 11 and 12, received from that other State. 

  5. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement
    in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable in order to reach agreement to have
    an oral exchange of opinions, such exchange may take place through a Commission consisting of
    representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States. 

Article 25
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

  1. The competent authorities of the
    Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of
    this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by the
    Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the agreement. The exchange of
    information is not restricted by Article 1. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be
    treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and
    shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies)
    involved in the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the
    determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by the Agreement. Such persons or
    authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in
    public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. 

  2. In no case shall the provisions of
    paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

    (a)

    to carry out administrative measures at
    variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;

    (b)

    to supply information which is not
    obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the
    other Contracting State;

    (c)

    to supply information which would disclose
    any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or
    information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre pulic).

Article 26
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect
the fiscal privileges of diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules of international
law or under the provisions of special agreements.

Article 27
ENTRY INTO FORCE

  1. The Governments of the Contracting
    States shall notify each other that the constitutional requirements for the entry into force of this
    Agreement have been complied with.

  2. The Agreement shall enter into
    force thirty days after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its
    provisions shall have effect;

    (i)

    in respect of taxes withheld at the
    source, on income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year
    in which the Agreement enters into force;

    (ii)

    in respect of other taxes on income, for
    taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next
    following the year in which Agreement enters into force.

Article 28
TERMINATION

This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated
by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic channels,
by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year following after
the period of five years from the date on which the Agreement enters into force. In such event, the
Convention shall cease to have effect:

(a)

in respect of taxes withheld
at the source, on income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the
year in which the notice is given;

(b)

in respect of other taxes on
incorne, for taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning an or after 1 January in the calendar
year next following the year in which the notice is given.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned,
duly authorized thereto, have signed this Agreement.

DONE in duplicate at Jakarta this
fifteenth day of October 1987, in the English language.

FOR THE REPUBLIC
OF INDONESIA

FOR THE REPUBLIC
OF FINLAND

 

PROTOCOL
 

At the signing of the Agreement for the avoidance of
double taxation and for the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, this day
concluded between Indonesia and Finland, the undersigned have agreed that the following provision shall
form an integral part of the Agreement.

 

 With reference to Article 23

 

In respect of paragraph 3 of Article 23 the
Contracting States have, however, the right to apply their internal provisions concerning regulation of
the debt-equity ration (thin capitalisation) in the case of subsidiaries of enterprises of the other
Contracting State.

 

In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised
thereto, have signed this Protocol.

 

Done in duplicate at Jakarta this fifteenth day of
October 1987 in the English language.