Romania

AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

FOR
THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCALEVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON
INCOME

Article 1
PERSONAL SCOPE

This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Article 2
TAXES COVERED

1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on by each of the Contracting State, by its
   administrative-territorial units or by its local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they
   are levied. 

2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income,
   including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property. 

3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular:

   (a)	in the case of Indonesia: the income tax, imposed under the Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan 1984 (Law No. 7 of 1983). (hereinafter referred to as “Indonesian tax”).
   (b)	in the case of Romania: – the tax on income derived by individuals; – the tax on salaries, wages and other similar remuneration; – the tax on the profits of bodies and legal persons; – the tax on income realised from agricultural activities; (hereinafter referred to as “Romanian tax”).

4. The Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes on income which are
   imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, those referred to
   in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any
   substantial changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws. 

Article 3
GENERAL DEFINITIONS

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

   (a)	the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean, as the context requires, Romania or Indonesia;
   (b)	(i)	the term “Indonesia” comprises the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as defined in its laws and the adjacent areas over which the Republic of Indonesia has sovereign rights or jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982;
   	(ii)	the term “Romania” means Romania and, used in a geographical sense, indicates the territory of Romania including its territorial sea as well as the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf over which Romania exercises sovereign rights, in accordance with its internal law and with the international law, concerning the exploration and exploitation of the natural, biological and mineral resources existing in the sea waters, sea-bed and subsoil of these waters;
   (c)	the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
   (d)	the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
   (e)	the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean, respectively, any enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and any enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
   (f)	the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
   (g)	the term “competent authority” means:
   	(i)	in Indonesia: the Minister of Finance or his authorized representative;
   	(ii)	in Romania: the Minister of Finance or his authorized representative;
   (h)	the term “national” means:
   	(i)	any individual possessing the citizenship of a Contracting State;
   	(ii)	any legal person or other entities deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.

2. As regards the application of the Agreement by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein
   shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that
   State concerning the taxes to which the Agreement applies. 

Article 4
FISCAL DOMICILE

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who,
   under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of
   management or any other criterion of a similar nature. 

2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting
   States, then his status shall be determined as follows: 

   (a)	he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
   (b)	if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
   (c)	if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of
   both Contracting States, the competent authorities of both Contracting States shall settle the
   question by mutual agreement. 

Article 5
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business
   through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2. The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:

   (a)	a place of management;
   (b)	a branch;
   (c)	an office;
   (d)	a factory;
   (e)	a workshop;
   (f)	a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.

3. The term “permanent establishment” likewise encompasses: 

   (a)

   a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than six months;

   (b)

   the furnishing of services, including consultancy services by an enterprise through employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature continue (for the same or a connected project) within the country for a period or periods aggregating more than four months within any twelve month period, counted from the first day the services are furnished.

4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be
   deemed not to include: 

   (a)	the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or occasional delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
   (b)	the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or occasional delivery;
   (c)	the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
   (d)	the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchase goods or merchandise, or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
   (e)	the sale of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise displayed in the frame of an occasional temporary fair or exhibition after the closing of the said fair or exhibition;
   (f)	the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, for supply of information, for scientific research or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character, for the enterprise.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person — other than an agent of an
   independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies — is acting in Contracting State on behalf of an
   enterprise of the other Contracting State, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent
   establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person
   undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person: 

   (a)	has and habitually exercises in that State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph; or
   (b)	has no such authority, but habitually maintains in the first- mentioned State a stock of goods or merchandise from which he regularly delivers goods or merchandise on behalf of the enterprises.

6. An insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except with regard to reinsurance, be deemed to
   have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in that other
   State or insures risks situated therein through an employee or through a representative who is not an
   agent of an independent status within the meaning of paragraph 7. 

7. An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the
   other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker,
   general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are
   acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are
   devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, he will not be considered an agent of an
   independent status within the meaning of this paragraph. x

8. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a
   company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other
   State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either
   company a permanent establishment of the other. 

Article 6
INCOME FROM MOVABLE PROPERTY

1. Income derived from immovable property, including income from agriculture or forestry, is taxable in
   the Contracting State in which such property is situated. 

2. The term immovable property shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State
   in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory
   to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and foresty, rights to which the
   provision of general law respecting landed property apply usufruct of immovable property and rights to
   variable or fixed payments as consideration the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits,
   sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable
   property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any
   other from of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an
   enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal
   services. 

Article 7
BUSINESS PROFITS

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the
   enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment
   situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise
   may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to: 

   (a)	that permanent establishment;
   (b)	sales in that other State of goods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold through that permanent establishment; or
   (c)	other business activities carried on in that other State of the same or similar kind as those effected through that permanent establishment.
   The provisions of sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) above shall not apply if the enterprise proves that such sales or activities are attributable to some person or entity other than the permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on
   business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there
   shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it
   might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar
   activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise
   of which it is a permanent establishment.

3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses
   which are incurred for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment including executive
   and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent
   establishment is situated or elsewhere. However, no such deduction shall be allowed in respect of
   amounts, if any, paid (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses) by the permanent
   establishment to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties,
   fees or other similar payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of
   commission, for specific services performed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking
   enterprise, by way of interest on moneys lent to the permanent establishment. Likewise, no account
   shall be taken, in the determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, for amounts charged,
   (otherwise than towards reimbursement of actual expenses), by the permanent establishment to the head
   office of the enterprise or any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other similar
   payments in return for the use of patents or other rights, or by way of commission for specific
   services performed or for management, or, except in the case of a banking enterprise, by way of
   interest on moneys lent to the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices. 

4. For the purpose of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent
   establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient
   reason to the contrary. 

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that
   permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise. 

6. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this
   Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this
   Article. 

Article 8
SHIPPING AND AIR TRANSPORT

1. Profits from sources within a Contracting State derived by an enterprise of the other Contracting
   State from the operation of ships in international traffic may be taxed in the first-mentioned State,
   but the tax imposed shall be reduced by an amount equal to 50 per cent thereof, and the tax so charged
   shall not exceed 2 per cent from the gross amount of the freight.

2. Profits from the operation of aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the
   Contracting State of which the enterprise operating the aircraft is a resident.

3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a
   joint business or an international operating agency.

4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or of Article 7, the profits
   derived from the operation of ships or aircraft used solely between places in a Contracting State may
   be taxed in that State.

Article 9
ASSOCIATED ENTERPRISES

Where:

Article 10
DIVIDENDS

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other
   Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the
   dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the
   beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed: 

   (a)	12.5 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the recipient is a company which owns directly at least 25 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends;
   (b)	in all other cases, 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends.
   The provisions of this paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares, “jouissance” shares, or
   “jouissance” rights, mining shares, founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, as well
   as income from other corporate rights assimilated to income from shares by the taxation law of the
   State of which the company making the distribution is a resident. 

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a
   resident of a Contracting State, has in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the
   dividends is a resident, a permanent establishment or a fixed base and the holding in respect of which
   the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In
   such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply. 

5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other
   Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company,
   except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding
   in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or
   a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on
   the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividend paid or the undistributed profits consist
   wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State. 

6. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, where a company which is a resident of a
   Contracting State has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits of the
   permanent establishment may be subjected to an additional tax in that other State in accordance with
   its law, but the additional tax so charged shall not exceed 12.5 per cent of the amount of such
   profits after deducting therefrom income tax and other taxes on income imposed thereon in that other
   State. 

Article 11
INTEREST

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be
   taxed in that other State. 

2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises, and according to
   the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest the tax so
   charged shall not exceed 12.5 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. 

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, interest arising in a Contracting State
   shall be exempt from tax in that State if: 

   (a)	the payer of the interest is that Contracting State, an administrative-territorial unit or a local authority thereof; or
   (b)	the interest is paid to the other Contracting State, an administrative-territorial unit or a local authority thereof or any financial institution wholly owned by that other Contracting State, or administrative-territorial unit or local authority thereof; or
   (c)	the interest is paid: in the case of Romania to the National Bank of Romania and to the Romanian Bank for Foreign Trade, and in the case of Indonesia to the Bank Indonesia (the Central Bank of Indonesia); or
   (d)	the interest is paid to any other financial institutions wholly owned by the Governments of the Contracting States in relation to loans made in application of an agreement concluded between the Governments of the Contracting States.

4. The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or
   not secured by a mortgage, and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits,
   and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including
   premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures, as well as income assimilated
   to income from money lent by the taxation law of the State in which the income arises, including
   interest on deferred payments sales. Penalty charges for late payments of loans shall not be regarded
   as interest for the purpose of this Article. 

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a
   resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the
   interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State
   independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of
   which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base,
   or with other business activities connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such
   case, the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply. 

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, an
   administrative-territorial unit, a local authority, or a resident of that State. Where, however, the
   person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a
   Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness
   on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment
   or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent
   establishment or fixed base is situated. 

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both
   of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which
   it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner
   in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the
   last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to
   the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this
   Agreement. 

Article 12
COMMISSION

1. Commission arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be
   taxed in that other State. 

2. However, such commission may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises, and according
   to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the commission the tax so
   charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross amount of the commission. 

3. The term “commission” as used in this Article means a payment made to a broker, a general commission
   agent or to any other person assimilated to a broker or agent by the taxation law of the Contracting
   State in which such payment arises. 

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the commissions, being
   a resident of a Contracting State, has in the other Contracting State in which the commission arises,
   a permanent establishment with which the activity giving rise to the commission is effectively
   connected. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply. 

5. Commission shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, an
   administrative-territorial unit, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the
   person paying the commission, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a
   Contracting State a permanent establishment in connection with which the activities for which the
   payment is made was incurred, and such commission is borne by such permanent establishment, then such
   commission shall be deemed to arise in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is
   situated.

6. Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of
   them and some other person, the amount of the commission, having regard to the activities for which it
   is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in
   the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the
   last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to
   the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

Articie 13
ROYALTIES

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be
   taxed in that other State. 

2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise, and according
   to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties the tax so
   charged shall not exceed: 

   (a)

   12.5 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties, if the royalties consist of payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any patent, trademark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, cinematograph films or tapes for television or broadcasting;

   (b)

   15 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties, if the royalties consist of payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work.

3. The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration
   for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including
   cinematograph films or films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting, any patent, trade mark,
   design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use industrial,
   commercial or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific
   experience. 

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a
   resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the
   royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State
   independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect
   of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed
   base, or with other business activities connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In
   such case, the provisions of Article 7 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply. 

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is that State itself, an
   administrative-territorial unit, a local authority or a resident of that State. Where, however, the
   person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a
   Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to
   pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed
   base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment
   or fixed base is situated. 

6. Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of
   them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or
   information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer
   and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall
   apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In that case, the excess part of the payments shall remain
   taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions
   of this Agreement.

Article 14
CAPITAL GAINS

1. Gains from the alienation of immovable property, as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, may be taxed
   in the Contracting State in which such property is situated. 

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent
   establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of
   movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the
   other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such
   gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of
   such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State. 

3. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be
   taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident. 

4. Gains from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic and movable property
   pertaining to the operation of such means of transport shall be taxable only in the Contracting State
   of which the alienator is a resident. 

Article 15
INDEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other
   activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base
   regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities
   or he is present in that other State for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 120 days in
   any 12 month period, counted from the first day of arrival in one of the Contracting States. If he has
   such a fixed base or remains in that other State for the aforesaid period or periods, the income may
   be taxed in that other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base or is
   derived in that other State during the aforesaid period or periods.

2. The term “professional services” includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic,
   educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers,
   engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

Article 16
DEPENDENT PERSONAL SERVICES

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22, salaries, wages and other similar
   remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable
   only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the
   employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other
   State. 

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting
   State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in
   the first-mentioned State if: 

   (a)	the recipient is present in that other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any period of 12 months counted from the first day of arrival in one of the Contracting States; and
   (b)	the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
   (c)	the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived by a resident of a
   Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in
   international traffic by an enterprise which is a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable
   only in that State. 

Article 17
DIRECTORS’ FEES

Article 18
ARTISTES AND SPORTSMEN

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 15 and 16, income derived by a resident of a Contracting
   State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a
   musician, or as an athlete, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting
   State, may be taxed in that other State. 

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or an athlete in his
   capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or athlete himself but to another person, that income
   may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7, 15 and 16, be taxed in the Contracting State in
   which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are exercised. 

3. Income derived from activities performed within the framework of cultural exchanges established under
   cultural agreements concluded between the two Contracting States, shall be exempt from tax.

Article 19
PENSIONS

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 20, any pensions or other similar remuneration
   paid to a resident of one of the Contracting States from a source in the other Contracting State in
   consideration of past employment or services in that other Contracting State and any annuity paid to
   such a resident from such a source may be taxed in that other State. 

2. The term “annuity” means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a
   specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for
   adequate and full consideration in money or money’s worth. 

Article 20
GOVERNMENT SERVICE

Article 21
TEACHERS AND RESEARCHERS

Article 22
STUDENTS

Article 23
OTHER INCOME

Article 24
ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

1. It is agreed that double taxation shall be avoided in accordance with the following paragraphs of this
   Article. 

2. In the case of Romania, taxes paid by Romanian residents in respect of income taxable in Indonesia,
   in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, shall be deducted from the Romanian taxes due
   according to the Romanian fiscal laws. 

   Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax as computed before the deduction
   is given which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in that other State.

3. In the case of Indonesia, where a resident of Indonesia derives income from Romania and such income
   may be taxed in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, the amount of Romania tax payable in
   respect of the income shall be allowed as a credit against the Indonesian tax imposed on that
   resident. The amount of credit, however, shall not exceed that part of the Indonesian tax which is
   appropriate to such income. 

Article 25
NON-DISCRIMINATION

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation
   or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and
   connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances are or may be
   subjected. 

2. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other
   Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on
   enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed
   as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal
   allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family
   responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

3. A Contracting State shall not adjust any assessment of a resident of the other Contracting State by
   including items of income already taxed in the other Contracting State after expiry of the time limits
   provided for in its domestic law, and in any case, after 5 years from the end of the relevant taxable
   year during which the income was derived. 

4. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled,
   directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be
   subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is
   other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar
   enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected. 

5. In this Article the term “taxation” means taxes which are the subject of this Agreement. 

Article 26
MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE

1. Where a resident of a Contracting State considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting
   States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this
   Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present
   his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case
   comes under paragraph 1 of Article 25, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The
   case must be presented within two years from the first notification of the action resulting in
   taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. 

2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is
   not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the
   competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is
   not in accordance with this Agreement.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any
   difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also
   consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the
   Agreement. 

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the
   purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable in
   order to reach agreement to have an oral exchange of opinions, such exchange may take place between
   the representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

Article 27
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary
   for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States
   concerning taxes covered by the Agreement insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the
   Agreement. Any information so exchanged shall be treated as secret and shall be disclosed only to
   persons or authorities, involved in the assessment, collection, enforcement or prosecution in respect
   of the taxes which are the subject of the Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use the
   information only for such purposes but may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in
   judicial decisions. 

2. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the
   obligation:

   (a)	to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
   (b)	to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
   (c)	to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).

Article 28
MISCELLANEOUS RULES

Article 29
DIPLOMATIC AGENTS AND CONSULAR OFFICERS

Article 30
ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. This Agreement shall be ratified in accordance with the constitutional provisions in force in eacn of
   the Contracting States and shall enter into force upon the exchange of instruments of ratification.

2. The provisions of this Agreement shall have effect:

   (a)	in Indonesia: in respect of income derived on or after 1st of January of the calendar year next following that of the entry into force of the Agreement;
   (b)	in Romania: in respect of income derived on or after 1st of January of the calendar year next following that of the entry into force of the Agreernent.

Article 31
TERMINATION

In such case, the Agreement shall cease to have effect: