Author: Abi Mulya

Indonesia now has operating EV battery cell capacity and a licensing framework updated since 2025. For a foreign investor, the investment case comes down to four decisions: where to enter …

SPKLU (Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum) is a public plug-in charging station for battery electric vehicles, while SPBKLU (Stasiun Penukaran Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Umum) is a public battery swap station …

An EV charging business in Indonesia is a commercial venture that installs and operates public charging stations, known as SPKLU (Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum), under the licensing framework of …

A Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) is Indonesia’s Business Identification Number, issued through the OSS-RBA system, and it is the single license every PT PMA must hold before it can legally …

A Deed of Establishment (Akta Pendirian) is the notarial document that legally creates a PT PMA, sets out its Articles of Association, and names every shareholder, director, and commissioner, as …

Liquidating a PT PMA is the formal legal process of dissolving a foreign-owned limited liability company in Indonesia, settling its debts, employee claims, and tax obligations, and having the Ministry …

A PT PMA manufacturing facility is a foreign-owned factory operating under a Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing, Indonesia’s legal structure for foreign direct investment, governed by Government Regulation No. 28 …

A foreign franchise in Indonesia is a business system where a foreign brand owner licenses its trademark, operating methods, and support to an Indonesian franchisee under a written Franchise Agreement, …

A retail PT PMA is a foreign-owned limited liability company licensed under Indonesia’s Positive Investment List to operate physical retail stores. Foreign brands can own some formats outright, share ownership …